Course Content
Present Perfect vs Present Perfect Continuous
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Negative prefixes
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If vs wether
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Comparative & Superlative adjectives
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Adjective/verb + preposition
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Grammar
    About Lesson

    Although, even though, however, despite/in spite of, in order to/so as to, so that, because, because of, due to

    Explanation & Practice

    Clauses of contrast

    1. Spot & Fix the Mistake

    1. Although, we were exhausted, we finished the project.
    2. We liked the restaurant, however we won’t go back.
    3. Despite it was very cold, they went swimming.
    4. Even though of his experience, he didn’t get the job.
    5. In spite of she studied a lot, she failed the test.
    6. We decided to go hiking. However we didn’t check the weather.
    7. Although he was rich, but he wasn’t happy.
    8. Despite of being late, she didn’t apologize.
    9. We stayed at home, although it was raining heavily. 
    10. In spite of the fact he was tired, he kept working.

    2. Sentence Transformation 

    Rewrite using the word in brackets:

    1. Although it was raining, we went out. → (Despite)
    2. We didn’t like the service. However, we left a tip. → (Although)
    3. In spite of being tired, she went to the gym. → (Even though)
    4. Despite the fact that he was nervous, he gave a great presentation. → (Although)
    5. Although the task was difficult, they completed it on time. → (In spite of)
    6. He had little experience. However, he got the job. → (Although)
    7. Despite working overtime, she didn’t finish the report. → (Even though)
    8. Although I don’t like coffee, I drink it every morning. → (Despite)
    9. In spite of the bad weather, the event was successful. → (Although)
    10. We missed the bus. However, we arrived on time. → (Although)

    3. Build-a-Sentence Race 

    Students must produce 3 versions for each:

    1. we were late / we didn’t miss the flight
    2. it was expensive / he bought it
    3. she felt sick / she went to work
    4. they trained hard / they lost the match
    5. I was scared / I tried it
    6. he didn’t study much / he passed the exam
    7. the instructions were unclear / we managed to finish
    8. the journey was long / we enjoyed it
    9. she had no experience / she got the job
    10. the weather was terrible / they continued the trip

    👉 Reminder for students:

    • Although / Even though + clause
    • Despite / In spite of + noun / -ing
    • However = new sentence

    4. Mini Debate

    Students must respond using at least 2–3 contrast structures:

    1. Online learning is more effective than classroom learning.
    2. Social media does more harm than good.
    3. Exams are the best way to evaluate students.
    4. Working from home is better than working in an office.
    5. Money is the most important factor in choosing a job.
    6. University education is no longer necessary.
    7. Technology makes people less social.
    8. Traveling abroad is better than traveling in your own country.
    9. Young people have an easier life than previous generations.
    10. It’s better to live in a big city than in a small town.
    Answer Key – Clauses of contrast

    1. Spot & Fix the Mistake — Answer Key

    1. ❌ Although, we were exhausted, we finished the project.
      ✅ Although we were exhausted, we finished the project.
    2. ❌ We liked the restaurant, however we won’t go back.
      ✅ We liked the restaurant. However, we won’t go back.
    3. ❌ Despite it was very cold, they went swimming.
      ✅ Although it was very cold, they went swimming.
      OR: Despite the very cold weather, they went swimming.
    4. ❌ Even though of his experience, he didn’t get the job.
      ✅ Despite his experience, he didn’t get the job.
      OR: Even though he had experience, he didn’t get the job.
    5. ❌ In spite of she studied a lot, she failed the test.
      ✅ In spite of studying a lot, she failed the test.
      OR: Even though she studied a lot, she failed the test.
    6. ❌ We decided to go hiking. However we didn’t check the weather.
      ✅ We decided to go hiking. However, we didn’t check the weather.
    7. ❌ Although he was rich, but he wasn’t happy.
      ✅ Although he was rich, he wasn’t happy.
    8. ❌ Despite of being late, she didn’t apologize.
      ✅ Despite being late, she didn’t apologize.
    9. ✔ We stayed at home, although it was raining heavily.
      (Correct, but more natural: We stayed at home although it was raining heavily.)
    10. ❌ In spite of the fact he was tired, he kept working.
      ✅ In spite of the fact that he was tired, he kept working.

    2. Sentence Transformation — Answer Key

    (There are multiple possible correct answers; below are model answers)

    1. Despite the rain, we went out.
    2. Although we didn’t like the service, we left a tip.
    3. Even though she was tired, she went to the gym.
    4. Although he was nervous, he gave a great presentation.
    5. In spite of the difficulty of the task, they completed it on time.
    6. Although he had little experience, he got the job.
    7. Even though she worked overtime, she didn’t finish the report.
    8. Despite not liking coffee, I drink it every morning.
    9. Although the weather was bad, the event was successful.
    10. Although we missed the bus, we arrived on time.

    3. Build-a-Sentence Race — Sample Answers

    (Again, many variations possible — here are model sets)

    1. We were late. However, we didn’t miss the flight. / Although we were late, we didn’t miss the flight. / Despite being late, we didn’t miss the flight.
    2. Although it was expensive, he bought it. / Despite the high price, he bought it. / It was expensive. However, he bought it.
    3. Although she felt sick, she went to work. / Despite feeling sick, she went to work. / She felt sick. However, she went to work.
    4. Although they trained hard, they lost the match. / Despite hard training, they lost the match. / They trained hard. However, they lost the match.
    5. Although I was scared, I tried it. / Despite being scared, I tried it. / I was scared. However, I tried it.
    6. Although he didn’t study much, he passed the exam. / Despite little studying, he passed the exam. / He didn’t study much. However, he passed.
    7. Although the instructions were unclear, we managed to finish. / Despite unclear instructions, we finished. / The instructions were unclear. However, we finished.
    8. Although the journey was long, we enjoyed it. / Despite the long journey, we enjoyed it. / The journey was long. However, we enjoyed it.
    9. Although she had no experience, she got the job. / Despite no experience, she got the job. / She had no experience. However, she got the job.
    10. Although the weather was terrible, they continued the trip. / Despite terrible weather, they continued. / The weather was terrible. However, they continued.

    Clauses of reason

    1. Spot & Fix the Mistake 

    Correct the mistakes and rewrite the sentences:

    1. Because of it was raining heavily, we stayed at home.
    2. Since the traffic was bad, so we arrived late.
    3. We were tired because working all day.
    4. Due to he was ill, he didn’t come to school.
    5. As of the meeting was cancelled, we went home.
    6. The match was postponed because the rain.
    7. Since it was a holiday, therefore the shops were closed.
    8. We stayed inside due to the storm was dangerous.
    9. Because of the fact that he forgot the keys, he couldn’t enter.
    10. As the restaurant was full, so we went somewhere else.

    2. Sentence Transformation 

    Rewrite using the word in brackets:

    1. We didn’t go out because it was raining. → (because of)
    2. The flight was delayed due to bad weather. → (because)
    3. Since she was tired, she went to bed early. → (because)
    4. The concert was cancelled because of the storm. → (due to)
    5. As the road was closed, we took another route. → (because)
    6. He failed the exam because he didn’t study. → (because of)
    7. The event was postponed due to lack of interest. → (because)
    8. Since it was late, we decided to leave. → (because)
    9. We missed the bus because of traffic. → (due to)
    10. As he was ill, he stayed at home. → (because of)

    3. Build-a-Sentence Race 

    Students create sentences using:

    • because
    • since/as
    • because of / due to
    1. the weather was terrible / we cancelled the trip
    2. she felt sick / she didn’t go to work
    3. there was an accident / the road was closed
    4. he forgot his homework / he got a bad grade
    5. the shop was closed / we went somewhere else
    6. the train was late / we arrived late to the meeting
    7. they had no tickets / they didn’t enter the concert
    8. it was a public holiday / the banks were closed
    9. she was exhausted / she went to bed early
    10. the internet was down / we couldn’t finish the task

    4. Mini Debate

    Students must justify opinions using because / since / as / because of / due to:

    1. Students should wear uniforms at school.
    2. Homework should be reduced in schools.
    3. Online learning is more effective than classroom learning.
    4. Public transport should be free.
    5. People should work fewer hours per week.
    6. Exams are not the best way to evaluate students.
    7. Cities should ban cars from the city centre.
    8. Social media should be limited for teenagers.
    9. Fast food should be taxed more heavily.
    10. Universities should be free for everyone.

    👉 Requirement:

    • at least 2 reasons per answer
    • at least 2 different structures used
    Answer Key – Clauses of reason

    1. Spot & Fix — Answer Key

    1. ❌ Because of it was raining heavily…
      ✅ Because it was raining heavily, we stayed at home.
    2. ❌ Since the traffic was bad, so we arrived late.
      ✅ Since the traffic was bad, we arrived late. / The traffic was bad, so we arrived late.
    3. ❌ We were tired because working all day.
      ✅ We were tired because we worked all day.
    4. ❌ Due to he was ill…
      ✅ Because he was ill, he didn’t come to school.
      OR: Due to his illness, he didn’t come to school.
    5. ❌ As of the meeting…
      ✅ As/Since the meeting was cancelled, we went home.
    6. ❌ because the rain
      ✅ because of the rain
    7. ❌ Since it was a holiday, therefore…
      ✅ Since it was a holiday, the shops were closed.
    8. ❌ due to the storm was dangerous
      ✅ We stayed inside because the storm was dangerous.
      OR: We stayed inside due to the dangerous storm.
    9. ❌ because of the fact that he forgot…
      ✅ Because he forgot the keys, he couldn’t enter.
      OR: Because of the keys, he couldn’t enter.
    10. ❌ As the restaurant was full, so…
      ✅ As the restaurant was full, we went somewhere else.

    2. Sentence Transformation — Answer Key (model options)

    1. We didn’t go out because of the rain.
    2. The flight was delayed because the weather was bad.
    3. Because she was tired, she went to bed early.
    4. The concert was cancelled due to the storm.
    5. Because the road was closed, we took another route.
    6. He failed the exam because of not studying. / because he didn’t study.
    7. The event was postponed because there was a lack of interest.
    8. Because it was late, we decided to leave.
    9. The bus was missed due to traffic.
    10. He stayed at home because he was ill. / because of illness.

    3. Build-a-Sentence Race — Sample Answers

    1. Because the weather was terrible, we cancelled the trip. / We cancelled the trip because of the terrible weather.
    2. She didn’t go to work because she felt sick. / She didn’t go to work due to illness.
    3. Because there was an accident, the road was closed. / The road was closed because of an accident.
    4. He got a bad grade because he forgot his homework. / Because of forgetting his homework, he got a bad grade.
    5. Because the shop was closed, we went somewhere else. / We went somewhere else because the shop was closed.
    6. We arrived late because the train was late. / We arrived late due to a delayed train.
    7. They didn’t enter the concert because they had no tickets. / Because of no tickets, they didn’t enter.
    8. Because it was a public holiday, the banks were closed. / The banks were closed because of a public holiday.
    9. She went to bed early because she was exhausted. / She went to bed early due to exhaustion.
    10. We couldn’t finish the task because the internet was down. / Because of the internet outage, we couldn’t finish.