About Lesson
Although, even though, however, despite/in spite of, in order to/so as to, so that, because, because of, due to
Explanation & Practice
Clauses of contrast
1. Spot & Fix the Mistake
- Although, we were exhausted, we finished the project.
- We liked the restaurant, however we won’t go back.
- Despite it was very cold, they went swimming.
- Even though of his experience, he didn’t get the job.
- In spite of she studied a lot, she failed the test.
- We decided to go hiking. However we didn’t check the weather.
- Although he was rich, but he wasn’t happy.
- Despite of being late, she didn’t apologize.
- We stayed at home, although it was raining heavily.
- In spite of the fact he was tired, he kept working.
2. Sentence Transformation
Rewrite using the word in brackets:
- Although it was raining, we went out. → (Despite)
- We didn’t like the service. However, we left a tip. → (Although)
- In spite of being tired, she went to the gym. → (Even though)
- Despite the fact that he was nervous, he gave a great presentation. → (Although)
- Although the task was difficult, they completed it on time. → (In spite of)
- He had little experience. However, he got the job. → (Although)
- Despite working overtime, she didn’t finish the report. → (Even though)
- Although I don’t like coffee, I drink it every morning. → (Despite)
- In spite of the bad weather, the event was successful. → (Although)
- We missed the bus. However, we arrived on time. → (Although)
3. Build-a-Sentence Race
Students must produce 3 versions for each:
- we were late / we didn’t miss the flight
- it was expensive / he bought it
- she felt sick / she went to work
- they trained hard / they lost the match
- I was scared / I tried it
- he didn’t study much / he passed the exam
- the instructions were unclear / we managed to finish
- the journey was long / we enjoyed it
- she had no experience / she got the job
- the weather was terrible / they continued the trip
👉 Reminder for students:
- Although / Even though + clause
- Despite / In spite of + noun / -ing
- However = new sentence
4. Mini Debate
Students must respond using at least 2–3 contrast structures:
- Online learning is more effective than classroom learning.
- Social media does more harm than good.
- Exams are the best way to evaluate students.
- Working from home is better than working in an office.
- Money is the most important factor in choosing a job.
- University education is no longer necessary.
- Technology makes people less social.
- Traveling abroad is better than traveling in your own country.
- Young people have an easier life than previous generations.
- It’s better to live in a big city than in a small town.
Answer Key – Clauses of contrast
1. Spot & Fix the Mistake — Answer Key
- ❌ Although, we were exhausted, we finished the project.
✅ Although we were exhausted, we finished the project. - ❌ We liked the restaurant, however we won’t go back.
✅ We liked the restaurant. However, we won’t go back. - ❌ Despite it was very cold, they went swimming.
✅ Although it was very cold, they went swimming.
OR: Despite the very cold weather, they went swimming. - ❌ Even though of his experience, he didn’t get the job.
✅ Despite his experience, he didn’t get the job.
OR: Even though he had experience, he didn’t get the job. - ❌ In spite of she studied a lot, she failed the test.
✅ In spite of studying a lot, she failed the test.
OR: Even though she studied a lot, she failed the test. - ❌ We decided to go hiking. However we didn’t check the weather.
✅ We decided to go hiking. However, we didn’t check the weather. - ❌ Although he was rich, but he wasn’t happy.
✅ Although he was rich, he wasn’t happy. - ❌ Despite of being late, she didn’t apologize.
✅ Despite being late, she didn’t apologize. - ✔ We stayed at home, although it was raining heavily.
(Correct, but more natural: We stayed at home although it was raining heavily.) - ❌ In spite of the fact he was tired, he kept working.
✅ In spite of the fact that he was tired, he kept working.
2. Sentence Transformation — Answer Key
(There are multiple possible correct answers; below are model answers)
- Despite the rain, we went out.
- Although we didn’t like the service, we left a tip.
- Even though she was tired, she went to the gym.
- Although he was nervous, he gave a great presentation.
- In spite of the difficulty of the task, they completed it on time.
- Although he had little experience, he got the job.
- Even though she worked overtime, she didn’t finish the report.
- Despite not liking coffee, I drink it every morning.
- Although the weather was bad, the event was successful.
- Although we missed the bus, we arrived on time.
3. Build-a-Sentence Race — Sample Answers
(Again, many variations possible — here are model sets)
- We were late. However, we didn’t miss the flight. / Although we were late, we didn’t miss the flight. / Despite being late, we didn’t miss the flight.
- Although it was expensive, he bought it. / Despite the high price, he bought it. / It was expensive. However, he bought it.
- Although she felt sick, she went to work. / Despite feeling sick, she went to work. / She felt sick. However, she went to work.
- Although they trained hard, they lost the match. / Despite hard training, they lost the match. / They trained hard. However, they lost the match.
- Although I was scared, I tried it. / Despite being scared, I tried it. / I was scared. However, I tried it.
- Although he didn’t study much, he passed the exam. / Despite little studying, he passed the exam. / He didn’t study much. However, he passed.
- Although the instructions were unclear, we managed to finish. / Despite unclear instructions, we finished. / The instructions were unclear. However, we finished.
- Although the journey was long, we enjoyed it. / Despite the long journey, we enjoyed it. / The journey was long. However, we enjoyed it.
- Although she had no experience, she got the job. / Despite no experience, she got the job. / She had no experience. However, she got the job.
- Although the weather was terrible, they continued the trip. / Despite terrible weather, they continued. / The weather was terrible. However, they continued.
Clauses of reason
1. Spot & Fix the Mistake
Correct the mistakes and rewrite the sentences:
- Because of it was raining heavily, we stayed at home.
- Since the traffic was bad, so we arrived late.
- We were tired because working all day.
- Due to he was ill, he didn’t come to school.
- As of the meeting was cancelled, we went home.
- The match was postponed because the rain.
- Since it was a holiday, therefore the shops were closed.
- We stayed inside due to the storm was dangerous.
- Because of the fact that he forgot the keys, he couldn’t enter.
- As the restaurant was full, so we went somewhere else.
2. Sentence Transformation
Rewrite using the word in brackets:
- We didn’t go out because it was raining. → (because of)
- The flight was delayed due to bad weather. → (because)
- Since she was tired, she went to bed early. → (because)
- The concert was cancelled because of the storm. → (due to)
- As the road was closed, we took another route. → (because)
- He failed the exam because he didn’t study. → (because of)
- The event was postponed due to lack of interest. → (because)
- Since it was late, we decided to leave. → (because)
- We missed the bus because of traffic. → (due to)
- As he was ill, he stayed at home. → (because of)
3. Build-a-Sentence Race
Students create sentences using:
- because
- since/as
- because of / due to
- the weather was terrible / we cancelled the trip
- she felt sick / she didn’t go to work
- there was an accident / the road was closed
- he forgot his homework / he got a bad grade
- the shop was closed / we went somewhere else
- the train was late / we arrived late to the meeting
- they had no tickets / they didn’t enter the concert
- it was a public holiday / the banks were closed
- she was exhausted / she went to bed early
- the internet was down / we couldn’t finish the task
4. Mini Debate
Students must justify opinions using because / since / as / because of / due to:
- Students should wear uniforms at school.
- Homework should be reduced in schools.
- Online learning is more effective than classroom learning.
- Public transport should be free.
- People should work fewer hours per week.
- Exams are not the best way to evaluate students.
- Cities should ban cars from the city centre.
- Social media should be limited for teenagers.
- Fast food should be taxed more heavily.
- Universities should be free for everyone.
👉 Requirement:
- at least 2 reasons per answer
- at least 2 different structures used
Answer Key – Clauses of reason
1. Spot & Fix — Answer Key
- ❌ Because of it was raining heavily…
✅ Because it was raining heavily, we stayed at home. - ❌ Since the traffic was bad, so we arrived late.
✅ Since the traffic was bad, we arrived late. / The traffic was bad, so we arrived late. - ❌ We were tired because working all day.
✅ We were tired because we worked all day. - ❌ Due to he was ill…
✅ Because he was ill, he didn’t come to school.
OR: Due to his illness, he didn’t come to school. - ❌ As of the meeting…
✅ As/Since the meeting was cancelled, we went home. - ❌ because the rain
✅ because of the rain - ❌ Since it was a holiday, therefore…
✅ Since it was a holiday, the shops were closed. - ❌ due to the storm was dangerous
✅ We stayed inside because the storm was dangerous.
OR: We stayed inside due to the dangerous storm. - ❌ because of the fact that he forgot…
✅ Because he forgot the keys, he couldn’t enter.
OR: Because of the keys, he couldn’t enter. - ❌ As the restaurant was full, so…
✅ As the restaurant was full, we went somewhere else.
2. Sentence Transformation — Answer Key (model options)
- We didn’t go out because of the rain.
- The flight was delayed because the weather was bad.
- Because she was tired, she went to bed early.
- The concert was cancelled due to the storm.
- Because the road was closed, we took another route.
- He failed the exam because of not studying. / because he didn’t study.
- The event was postponed because there was a lack of interest.
- Because it was late, we decided to leave.
- The bus was missed due to traffic.
- He stayed at home because he was ill. / because of illness.
3. Build-a-Sentence Race — Sample Answers
- Because the weather was terrible, we cancelled the trip. / We cancelled the trip because of the terrible weather.
- She didn’t go to work because she felt sick. / She didn’t go to work due to illness.
- Because there was an accident, the road was closed. / The road was closed because of an accident.
- He got a bad grade because he forgot his homework. / Because of forgetting his homework, he got a bad grade.
- Because the shop was closed, we went somewhere else. / We went somewhere else because the shop was closed.
- We arrived late because the train was late. / We arrived late due to a delayed train.
- They didn’t enter the concert because they had no tickets. / Because of no tickets, they didn’t enter.
- Because it was a public holiday, the banks were closed. / The banks were closed because of a public holiday.
- She went to bed early because she was exhausted. / She went to bed early due to exhaustion.
- We couldn’t finish the task because the internet was down. / Because of the internet outage, we couldn’t finish.